Mechanical ventilation ppt free download

For a year he paid a reward out of his own pocket to any one bringing him a body rescued from the water within a reasonable time of immersion. In 1773, English physician William Hawes (1736–1808) began publicizing the power of artificial ventilation to resuscitate people who superficially appeared to have drowned. The Greek physician Galen may have been the first to describe artificial ventilation: 'If you take a dead animal and blow air through its larynx through a reed, you will fill its bronchi and watch its lungs attain the greatest distention.' Vesalius too describes ventilation by inserting a reed or cane into the trachea of animals. Historically, this has been accomplished through the electrical stimulation of a phrenic nerve by an implanted receiver/electrode, though today an alternative option of attaching percutaneous wires to the diaphragm exists. Neurostimulation ĭiaphragm pacing is the rhythmic application of electrical impulses to the diaphragm.

This is usually only used when there is a complete blockage of the pharynx or there is massive maxillofacial injury, preventing other adjuncts being used. This is similar to a tracheostomy but a cricothyrotomy is reserved for emergency access. In an emergency a cricothyrotomy can be used by health care professionals, where an airway is inserted through a surgical opening in the cricothyroid membrane. Other disadvantages of tracheal intubation include damage to the mucosal lining of the nasopharynx or oropharynx and subglottic stenosis. Therefore, unless a patient is unconscious or anesthetized for other reasons, sedative drugs are usually given to provide tolerance of the tube. Tracheal tubes inevitably cause pain and coughing. Intubation with a cuffed tube is thought to provide the best protection against aspiration. In most cases tubes with inflatable cuffs are used for protection against leakage and aspiration. A tube is inserted through the nose (nasotracheal intubation) or mouth (orotracheal intubation) and advanced into the trachea. Tracheal intubation is often used for short-term mechanical ventilation. There are two main modes of mechanical ventilation within the two divisions: positive pressure ventilation, where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the trachea, and negative pressure ventilation, where air is, in essence, sucked into the lungs.

Mechanical ventilation is termed 'invasive' if it involves any instrument penetrating through the mouth (such as an endo tracheal tube) or the skin (such as a tracheostomy tube).

This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by a registered nurse, physician, physician assistant, respiratory therapist, paramedic, or other suitable person compressing a bag valve mask or set of bellows. Mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing.

Mechanical ventilation ppt free download